Ohio Dog Bite Law: Strict Liability and Owner Responsibility

Unlike many states, Ohio does not give dog owners a 'free first bite' — owners are generally liable from the very first incident.

Ohio's Strict Liability Statute

Under R.C. § 955.28, the owner, keeper, or harborer of a dog is strictly liable for injury the dog causes, regardless of whether the dog had ever shown aggression before. The victim does not have to prove the owner knew the dog was dangerous.

This is a significant advantage for Ohio bite victims compared to 'one-bite' states.

Common Law Claims

Victims can also bring a common-law negligence claim, which allows recovery of punitive damages in cases of egregious owner conduct — something the strict-liability statute alone does not permit.

Owner Defenses

Liability may be reduced or eliminated if the victim was trespassing, committing a crime, or tormenting or provoking the dog at the time. Insurers frequently raise provocation, so documenting the circumstances is important.

Insurance and Recovery

Most dog-bite claims are paid through the owner's homeowner's or renter's insurance. Compensation can include medical treatment, reconstructive surgery, scarring, lost income, and emotional trauma — which is common, especially in child victims.

This article is for general informational purposes only and is not legal advice. Laws change and every case is different. For guidance on your specific situation, consult a licensed Ohio attorney.